Background: Intensive conventional agriculture has led to a severe decline in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), threatening soil fertility and long-term agroecosystem sustainability. Organic amendments are widely promoted to restore soil health.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of farmyard manure (FYM) and vermicompost on different SOC fractions and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a maize-wheat cropping system.

Method: This study uses a simulated dataset created for academic training purposes. A simulated split-plot design was generated over a hypothetical 5-year period, comparing a control (no amendment), FYM, and vermicompost. Data on Total SOC, Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), and MBC were analyzed using R-studio.

Key Results: Both amendments significantly increased Total SOC compared to the control. Vermicompost yielded the highest MBC (485 mg/kg), representing a 65% increase over the control. POC was most sensitive to amendment addition, increasing by 110% under vermicompost.